Wednesday, June 11, 2008

Hitler was not left wing or a socialist

The NAZI elities by the mid 30s were not in anyway socialist. There had been a strong division in the party between socialism and the big business, until the the mid 30s. But the night of the long knives crushed the socialism in the movement totally. So that by the mid 30s the NAZIs were But the elites the party were right wing in economic, diplomatic, and social policy.
In fact you could never argue that the diplomatic or social policies of the party were left wing in anyway. The party allways supported extreme nationalism, and racial and sexual discrimination. Yet there was until the mid 30s a left wing economic support in some working class sections of the NAZIs especially in the SA. Hitler had used the SA to bully his way to power. His only ideologcial link to them was their support for his extreme nationalism and bigtory, he had no support for their socialist economic policy views. The socialist economic strain in the party was utterly cruished by the mid thirties.

1. NIGHT OF THE LONG KNIVES
One of the main reasons Hitler did the Night of the Long Knives was to remove the left economic policy wing wing NAZIs. In left wing I mean those who supported equality even though the left wing NAZIs were actually anti semitic bigots too, just as much as the Right wing NAZIs. So when I say left wing and right wing, I mean purely in terms of economic policy.

Ernst Julius Röhm, was a German military officer and later the commander and co-founder of the Nazi Sturmabteilung, also known as the SA. He was from the socialist wing of the party. Many writers have suggested Röhm and his deputy Edmund Heines allowed or encouraged the promotion of many individuals into SA leadership as a result of liaisons with both themselves and other powerful SA figures (for example, Karl Ernst had been a bouncer at a gay nightclub) in spite of anti-gay Nazi policies which included the strengthening of Paragraph 175 (criminalising homosexual acts) of the German Criminal Code of 1871.
Röhm became one of the most prominent members of the party's "socialist" faction. his group truly believed in the socialism carried in the party's full name, insisting on the nationalization of large firms, profit sharing for employees and cuts in interest rates. This was a bitter anathema to the elites in the German army and the business community of Germany, which had supported Hitler's rise to power. Röhm spoke publically of a "second revolution" and vowed to act against "reactionaries" (a label the Nazis had long applied to their enemies on the political right) much as the Nazis had dealt with the communists whilst consolidating power earlier that year. Hitler swiftly reassured the German business community that there would be no "second revolution," which opened a breach between him and the SA, and the socialists in the NAZIs. Hitler had gained power with the army's support, and knew that the top army leaders detested Röhm. Rohm wanted to take over as head of the army with his SA as the central core of his new German army.
The conservative industrialists who had supported Hitler's rise to the chancellorship in 1933 were uneasy with the very public socialist leanings of both Röhm, and the other two most prominsent NAZI socialists Gregor Strasser and Otto Strasser. Strasserism refers to the strand of Nazism and neo-Nazism that called for a more radical, mass action and worker based form of fascism, particularly hostile to finance capitalism from an antisemitic basis, to be initiated alongside nationalism.

In early June 1934, President von Hindenburg, through defense minister Werner von Blomberg issued an ultimatum to Hitler, unless political tension in Germany ended, the ailing Hindenburg would declare martial law. Hitler was shocked to hear this from Blomberg, who up to that point had displayed a near lackey like attitude around him. However, when Hitler went to see the president himself, von Hindenburg confirmed the ultimatum. Knowing such a step could forever deprive him of power, Hitler decided to carry through on his pact with the Reichswehr to suppress the SA and end its plans for a "second revolution", leading to a showdown with Röhm.

Although determined to curb the power of the SA, Hitler put off doing away with his long-time comrade Ernst Röhm to the very end. Himmler, Heydrich and Göring used Röhm's published anti-Hitler rhetoric to assert the SA was plotting to overthrow Hitler. The SA was purged during the "Night of the Long Knives" in June 1934. Hitler arranged to arrest Röhm personally at a resort in Bad Wiessee on June 30.
The Night of the Long Knives or "Operation Hummingbird", was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany between June 30 and July 2, 1934, when the Nazi regime executed at least 90 people for political reasons. Most of those killed were members of the Sturmabteilung, a Nazi paramilitary organization. Adolf Hitler moved against the SA and its leader, Ernst Röhm, because he saw the independence of the SA and the penchant of its members for street violence as a direct threat to his power. Hitler also wanted to forestall any move by leaders of the Reichswehr, the German military, who both feared and despised the SA, to curtail his rule, especially since Röhm made no secret of his ambition to absorb the Reichswehr with himself at its head. Finally, Hitler used the purge to go against conservative critics of his regime, especially those loyal to Vice-Chancellor Franz von Papen, and to settle scores with old enemies.

At least 85 people died during the purge, although the final death toll may have been in the hundreds, and more than a thousand perceived opponents were arrested. Most of the killings were carried out by the Schutzstaffel (SS), an elite Nazi corps, and the Gestapo (Geheime Staatspolizei), the regime's secret police.

Röhm was briefly held without trial at Stadelheim Prison in Munich in cell 70. Hitler was uneasy authorizing his execution and as a last act of "compassion", ensured he had an opportunity to commit suicide first. On July 2 he was visited by SS-Brigadeführer Theodor Eicke (then Kommandant of Dachau) and SS-Sturmbannführer Michael Lippert, who offered Röhm a pistol. When Röhm refused to commit suicide, Lippert shot Röhm at point-blank range. The purge of the SA was legalized the next day by a decree in the Law Regarding Measures of State Self-Defense. John Toland noted that Hitler, while disapproving, had long been privately aware Röhm was homosexual but Nazi propaganda accounts of the purge made use of Röhm's sexual orientation as a justification of his execution. Ernst Röhm was buried in the Westfriedhof (Western Cemetery), in Munich.
With almost complete unanimity, the army applauded the Night of the Long Knives, despite the fact that it had resulted in the death of two of its generals, Kurt von Schleicher and Ferdinand von Bredow. The ailing President Hindenburg, Germany's highly-revered military hero, sent a telegram expressing his "profoundly felt gratitude".

2. The Black Front (formally known as the Union of Revolutionary National Socialists) was a group formed by Otto Strasser after his expulsion from the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in 1930. Strasser believed the original anti-capitalist nature of the NSDAP had been betrayed by Adolf Hitler. The Black Front was composed of former radical members of the NSDAP, who intended to cause a split in the main party. Strasser's organisation published a newspaper, 'The German Revolution' and adopted the crossed hammer and sword symbol which is still used by several Strasserite groupings today.

The organisation was unable to oppose the NSDAP effectively, and Hitler’s rise to power proved to be the final straw. Otto Strasser spent the years of the Third Reich in exile, first in Czechoslovakia and later in Canada. The left-wing of the party itself was eradicated in 1934 during 'The Night of the Long Knives', in which Gregor Strasser, Otto’s brother, was killed.

23. Privitization
The NAZIs performed the first major privatization policies of the 20th century.
In the early 30s the NAZIs did nationalize companies, but by the the mid 30s they had changed track to the right wing values of the new elites of the party
A very good academic article Against the mainstream: Nazi privatization in 1930s Germany by Germà Bel which I link to at
http://www.ub.edu/graap/nazi.pdf states
"It is a fact that the government of the Nazi Party sold off public ownership in several Stateowned firms in the mid-1930s. These firms belonged to a wide range of sectors: steel, mining, banking, local public utilities, shipyards, ship-lines, railways, etc." In addition, the delivery of some public services that were produced by government prior to the 1930s, especially social and labor-related services, was transferred to the private sector".
This article stutided newspapers to reseathe why the NAZIs did this policy of privitization.
Major privitizations involved
A) reprivitization of the Commerz-Bank.
B) The selling off of shares in The Deutsche Reichsbahn (German Railways) which was the "largest single public enterprise in the world"
C) Selling off of government shares in steel production and shippibng line companies
As well as a host of other mahor share sell offs.
The article notes that in 12 February 1933, Mr. Bang, an important advisor in the
team of the State Secretary of Public Economics, Alfred Hugenberg, publicly stated that "The policy of nationalization pursued in the last years will be stopped."

4. Ther were socialists in the party, such as Rohm, but they were executed shortly after Hitler got power. Mnay look to the 25 point policy of Hitler as prooth he was a socialist. Yet Hitler never voiced public support for the program and many historians argue that he was in fact privately opposed to it. Hitler did not mention any of the planks of the National Socialist Program in his book, Mein Kampf, and only talked about it in passing as "the so-called program of the movement".

The full text of the 25 point program completed in
Hitler never voiced public support for the program and many historians argue that he was in fact privately opposed to it. Hitler did not mention any of the planks of the National Socialist Program in his book, Mein Kampf, and only talked about it in passing as "the so-called program of the movement".
Look at the 25 points of the programmeof the NAZIs.
I have listed which points were left wing or right wing.
1. We demand the unification of all Germans in the Greater Germany on the basis of the right of self-determination of people.
Neither left wing or right wing.
2. We demand equality of rights for the German people in respect to the other nations; abrogation of the peace treaties of Versailles and St. Germain.
Neither left wing or right wing.
3. We demand land and territory (colonies) for the sustenance of our people, and colonization for our surplus population.
Neither left wing or right wing.
4. Only a member of the race can be a citizen. A member of the race can only be one who is of German blood, without consideration of creed. Consequently no Jew can be a member of the race.
Extreme right wing nationalism.
5. Whoever has no citizenship is to be able to live in Germany only as a guest, and must be under the authority of legislation for foreigners.
Extreme right wing nationalism.
6. The right to determine matters concerning administration and law belongs only to the citizen. Therefore we demand that every public office, of any sort whatsoever, whether in the Reich, the county or municipality, be filled only by citizens. We combat the corrupting parliamentary economy, office-holding only according to party inclinations without consideration of character or abilities.
Extreme right wing nationalism.
7. We demand that the state be charged first with providing the opportunity for a livelihood and way of life for the citizens. If it is impossible to sustain the total population of the State, then the members of foreign nations (non-citizens) are to be expelled from the Reich.
Difficult to work out what this means exactly, does it mean everyone should be given job which if left wing, or does it mean just forget about those from abroad which is just a right wing comment.
8. Any further immigration of non-citizens is to be prevented. We demand that all non-Germans, who have immigrated to Germany since the [2 August 1914], be forced immediately to leave the Reich.
Extreme right wing nationalism.
9. All citizens must have equal rights and obligations.
Neither right wing or left wing.
10. The first obligation of every citizen must be to work both spiritually and physically. The activity of individuals is not to counteract the interests of the universality, but must have its result within the framework of the whole for the benefit of all Consequently we demand:
Confusing throw away words neither left wing or right wing.
11. Abolition of unearned (work and labour) incomes. Breaking of rent-slavery.
Confusing point. Does it mean abolish the welfare as this is unearned wealth. So it would be extreme right wing. Or does it mean get rid of stocks and shares which would be extreme left wing.
12. In consideration of the monstrous sacrifice in property and blood that each war demands of the people personal enrichment through a war must be designated as a crime against the people. Therefore we demand the total confiscation of all war profits.
Neither left wing or right wing.
13. We demand the nationalisation of all (previous) associated industries (trusts).
Extreme left wing. But remember by the mid 30s this policy was quickly abondoned for the first major privitization of the 2th century.
14. We demand a division of profits of all heavy industries.
Left wing. But there is no evidence this happened depsire the NAZI having total control over the state.
15. We demand an expansion on a large scale of old age welfare.
Left wing. But pensions did not go up.
16. We demand the creation of a healthy middle class and its conservation, immediate communalization of the great warehouses and their being leased at low cost to small firms, the utmost consideration of all small firms in contracts with the State, county or municipality.
Neither left wing or right wing.
17. We demand a land reform suitable to our needs, provision of a law for the free expropriation of land for the purposes of public utility, abolition of taxes on land and prevention of all speculation in land.
Neither left wing or right wing. As if you do not tax land then wealthy landowners benefit. Yet if you stop specualtion on land investments then that is restricting free trade.
18. We demand struggle without consideration against those whose activity is injurious to the general interest. Common national criminals, usurers, Schieber and so forth are to be punished with death, without consideration of confession or race.
Confusing stuff.
19. We demand substitution of a German common law in place of the Roman Law serving a materialistic world-order.
Nationalistic
20. The state is to be responsible for a fundamental reconstruction of our whole national education program, to enable every capable and industrious German to obtain higher education and subsequently introduction into leading positions. The plans of instruction of all educational institutions are to conform with the experiences of practical life. The comprehension of the concept of the State must be striven for by the school [Staatsbuergerkunde] as early as the beginning of understanding. We demand the education at the expense of the State of outstanding intellectually gifted children of poor parents without consideration of position or profession.
Right wing as it says more intelligent people should be given subsidides but does not ordinary people. I would say that is a moderare right wing point.
21. The State is to care for the elevating national health by protecting the mother and child, by outlawing child-labor, by the encouragement of physical fitness, by means of the legal establishment of a gymnastic and sport obligation, by the utmost support of all organizations concerned with the physical instruction of the young.
Moderate right wing as it doesnot call for nationalisation of health.
22. We demand abolition of the mercenary troops and formation of a national army.
Neither left wing or right wing
23. We demand legal opposition to known lies and their promulgation through the press. In order to enable the provision of a German press, we demand, that: a. All writers and employees of the newspapers appearing in the German language be members of the race: b. Non-German newspapers be required to have the express permission of the State to be published. They may not be printed in the German language: c. Non-Germans are forbidden by law any financial interest in German publications, or any influence on them, and as punishment for violations the closing of such a publication as well as the immediate expulsion from the Reich of the non-German concerned. Publications which are counter to the general good are to be forbidden. We demand legal prosecution of artistic and literary forms which exert a destructive influence on our national life, and the closure of organizations opposing the above made demands.
Draconican law.
24. We demand freedom of religion for all religious denominations within the state so long as they do not endanger its existence or oppose the moral senses of the Germanic race. The Party as such advocates the standpoint of a positive Christianity without binding itself confessionally to any one denomination. It combats the Jewish-materialistic spirit within and around us, and is convinced that a lasting recovery of our nation can only succeed from within on the framework: The good of the state before the good of the individual.
Right wing extremism
25. For the execution of all of this we demand the formation of a strong central power in the Reich. Unlimited authority of the central parliament over the whole Reich and its organizations in general. The forming of state and profession chambers for the execution of the laws made by the Reich within the various states of the confederation. The leaders of the Party promise, if necessary by sacrificing their own lives, to support by the execution of the points set forth above without consideration.
Draconian point.

So even the socialist inspired 25 point programmeof the twenities that was not even supported by Hitler does not seem that socialist. The policies on education, and health seemed moderated right wing. No call for nationalisation of school or education for all. Just that the brightest should be subsidised in their edcuation and that the government should encoutage pyhsuicla fittness. No where is it comprable to communism or even Briths labopur party socialist demands. In fact thet ask that land should not be taxed which is a cvery right wing view not to tax land. :